桑葚胚

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{{Infobox Embryology | Name = 桑葚胚 | Latin = | GraySubject = 6 | GrayPage = 46 | Image = Blastulation.png | Caption = [[囊胚形成]]. '''1''' - '''桑葚胚'''， '''2''' - [[囊胚]] | Image2 = Gray9.png | Caption2 = 一颗[[受精]]的[[哺乳动物]][[卵子]]处于第一阶段卵裂(剖面图式讲解：z.p.[[透明带]]，p.gl.[[极体]]<br/> a图.二细胞时期<br/>b图.四细胞时期<br/>c图.八细胞时期<br/>d、e图. 桑葚胚时期 | System = | CarnegieStage = | Days = 3 | Precursor = [[合子]]| GivesRiseTo = [[囊胚]], [[囊胚腔]]| MeshName = | MeshNumber = | Code = [[Terminologia Embryologica|TE]] E2.0.1.2.0.0.11 | }} '''桑葚胚'''（拉丁文中的''morus''指的是[[桑葚]]的意思）是属于[[胚胎]]的早期[[胚胎发育|发育]]，包含[[囊胚腔]]外围的[[细胞]]，包覆细胞外层的环带称为[[透明带]]<ref>{{Cite book|author=Boklage, Charles E.|title=How New Humans Are Made: Cells and Embryos, Twins and Chimeras, Left and Right, Mind/Self/Soul, Sex, and Schizophrenia|publisher=World Scientific|year=2009|isbn=9789812835130|page=217|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=j7GfgRIgP9YC&pg=PT233}}</ref>。 桑葚胚是[[合子]][[卵裂|胚胎分裂]]一直到32细胞时期，整个形状像一棵桑葚，所以被称为桑葚胚<ref>{{cite book|editors=Sherman, Lawrence S. et al.|title=Human embryology|edition=3rd|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|year=2001|isbn=9780443065835|page=20|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=H5qw-jiMc44C&pg=PA20}}</ref>。 在[[受精]]数天之后，位于桑葚胚表面的细胞开始紧密接触，让细胞与细胞之间进行[[胞桥小体|胞桥小体连结]]与[[间隙连接]]，这个变化是非常细微的，并不易查觉，这个过程称为致密化。<ref>{{cite book|authors=Chard, Tim & Lilford, Richard|title=Basic sciences for obstetrics and gynaecology|publisher=Springer|year=1995|isbn=9783540199038|page=18|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=MsPsw4ejMxwC&pg=PA18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|authors=Mercader, Amparo et al.|chapter=Human embryo culture|editors=Lanza, Robert & Klimanskaya, Irina|title=Essential stem cell methods|publisher=Academic Press|year=2008|isbn=9780123747419|page=343|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=aPcvphPV6AgC&pg=PA343}}</ref>。在此之后桑葚胚的细胞释放[[黏性]]液体，造成桑葚胚中央形成孔洞，成为[[囊胚]]<ref>{{Cite book|author=Patestas, Maria Antoniou & Gartner, Leslie P.|title=A textbook of neuroanatomy|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|year=2006|isbn=9781405103404|page=11|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=JEEnkNuuYkoC&pg=PA11}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|authors=Geisert, R.D. & Malayer, J.R.|chapter=Implantation: Blastocyst formation|editors=Hafez, B. & |Hafez, Elsayed S.E.|title=Reproduction in farm animals|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|year=2000|isbn=9780683305777|page=118|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=baz2TC1y2esC&pg=PA118}}</ref>。囊胚的外层细胞会形成最初的胚胎[[上皮细胞]](滋养[[外胚层]])。然而有些细胞会存留在内层，形成[[内细胞群]]或是多潜能[[干细胞]]。其中内细胞群细胞会形成胚体，而滋养外胚层则形成[[胎盘]]以及其他胚胎组织<ref>{{cite book|authors=Morali, Olivier G. et al.|chapter=Epithelium-Mesenchyme Transitions are Crucial Morphogenetic Events Occurring During Early Development|editor=Savagner, Pierre|title=Rise and fall of epithelial phenotype: concepts of epithelial-mesenchymal transition|publisher=Springer|year=2005|isbn=9780306482397|page=16|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=3a54uGVK03cC&pg=PA16}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Birchmeier, Carmen et al.|chapter=Morphogenesis of epithelial cells|editors=Paul, Leendert C. & Issekutz, Thomas B.|title=Adhesion molecules in health and disease|publisher=CRC Press|year=1997|isbn=9780824798246|page=208|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=vLqxqS0iZkYC&pg=PA208}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Nagy, András|title=Manipulating the mouse embryo: a laboratory manual|publisher=CSHL Press|year=2003|isbn=9780879695910|pages=60–61|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=4juoa5xMs8oC&pg=PA60}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|authors=Connell, R.J. & Cutner, A.|chapter=Basic Embryology|editors=Cardozo, Linda & Staskin, David|title=Textbook of female urology and urogynaecology|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2001|isbn=9781901865059|page=92|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=EMMUyiKOOiEC&pg=PA92}}</ref>。 ==参见== * [[囊胚]] ==参考资料== {{reflist}} ==延伸阅读== * [http://books.google.com/books?id=RY0rXE2HgqsC&pg=PA123 "哺乳类发育调控"] {{胚胎学}} [[Category:克隆]] [[Category:胚胎学]] [[Category:发育生物学]] ==参考来源== *[http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A1%91%E8%91%9A%E8%83%9A 维基百科-桑葚胚]

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